PARIS — Jibran tells of escaping Taliban attackers who killed three of his brothers. He survived crossing into Europe in a refrigerated truck, he says, and persuaded the French authorities to grant him asylum. But the 24-year-old Afghan is still sleeping in a tent on the frozen streets of Paris.

He is one of hundreds of homeless migrants who sleep in frigid encampments under bridges, in parks and near bustling nightclubs in the French capital, according to observations made by The New York Times over three nights.

Housing and integrating an influx of migrants is a chronic problem in Paris and many other European cities.

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